A solider and a victim: Masculinity, violence, and incels celebration of December 6th.

In 1989, Marc Lépine murdered 14 women at L'École Polytechnique de Montréal. We demonstrate how involuntarily celibate ("incel") men celebrate Lépine and claim him as a member of their community. Our analysis draws on 637 comments made on incels.is, the main English-language incel forum, that explicitly mentions Marc Lépine. We argue that incels use Lépine to situate themselves in relation to masculinity and to justify violence against women. First, incels orient to both hegemonic and subordinate masculinity by arguing that feminists are waging a gender war against men. Second, incels celebrate Lépine as a methodical and efficient murderer, connecting both themselves and Lépine to hegemonic masculinity. Third, incels describe both themselves and Lépine as victims of feminists and use this perceived subordination to justify violence against women. We discuss findings in relation to theories of masculinity and policies regulating online communities.

En 1989, Marc Lépine a assassiné 14 femmes à l'École Polytechnique de Montréal. Nous montrons comment des hommes involontairement célibataires (« incel ¼) cèlébrent Lépine et le revendiquent comme membre de leur communauté. Notre analyse s'appuie sur 637 commentaires formulés sur incels.is, le principal forum incel anglophone, qui mentionnent explicitement Marc Lépine. Nous soutenons que les incels utilisent Lépine pour se situer par rapport à la masculinité et justifier les violences faites aux femmes. Premiérement, les incels s'orientent vers une masculinité à la fois hégémonique et subordonnée en soutenant que les féministes mènent une guerre de genre contre les hommes. Deuxièmement, les incels célèbrent Lépine comme un meurtrier méthodique et efficace, les liant eux-mêmes et Lépine à la masculinité hégémonique. Troisièmement, les incels se décrivent eux-mêmes et Lépine comme des victimes des féministes et utilisent cette subordination perςue pour justifier la violence contre les femmes. Nous discutons des résultats relatifs aux théories de la masculinité et aux politiques régissant les communautés en ligne.

The Black Pill: New Technology and the Male Supremacy of Involuntarily Celibate Men.

Involuntary celibates, or "incels," are people who identify themselves by their inability to establish sexual partnerships. In this article, we use analytic abduction to qualitatively analyze 9,062 comments on a popular incel forum for heterosexual men that is characterized by extensive misogyny. Incels argue that emerging technologies reveal and compound the gender practices that produce involuntarily celibate men. First, incels argue that women's use of dating apps accelerates hypergamy. Second, incels suggest that highly desirable men use dating apps to partner with multiple women. Third, incels assert that subordinate men inflate women's egos and their "sexual marketplace value" through social media platforms. We argue that incels' focus on technology reinforces essentialist views on gender, buttresses male domination, dehumanizes women, and minimizes incels' own misogyny. We discuss findings in relation to theories of masculinity and social scientific research on the impacts of emerging technology.

Brexanolone (Zulresso): Finally, an FDA-Approved Treatment for Postpartum Depression.

Objective: To review the safety and efficacy of brexanolone for the treatment of moderate to severe postpartum depression (PPD). Data Sources: A literature search through PubMed was conducted (January 2012 to July 2019) using the keyword brexanolone for clinical trials published in the English language. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles were selected if they were related to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of brexanolone or provided novel clinical information regarding this drug entity. Data Synthesis: The findings of the review show that brexanolone administered via IV infusion is both an effective and a fairly safe option for the treatment of PPD. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: There are several antidepressants currently used to treat PPD; however, this is the first with FDA approval for this indication. The rapid onset of action of brexanolone may offer a quicker relief of these symptoms and may possibly lead to improved quality of life for both the mother and the child. Conclusion and Relevance: The recent FDA approval of brexanolone may offer an effective treatment of moderate to severe PPD and has been shown to rapidly decrease depression symptoms.